Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

References

Other Works Consulted

• Andres E, et al. (2004). Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 171(3): 251–259.

• Babior BM (2006). Folate, cobalamin, and megaloblastic anemias. In MA Lichtman et al., eds., Williams Hematology, 7th ed., pp. 477–509. New York: McGraw-Hill.

• Babior BM, Bunn HF (2005). Megaloblastic anemias. In DL Kasper et al., eds., Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed., pp. 601–607. New York: McGraw-Hill.

• Carmel R (2006). Cobalamin (Vitamin B12). In ME Shils et al., eds., Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th ed., pp. 482–497. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

• Carmel R, et al. (2005). Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: Essentials of diagnosis. In LM Tierney et al., eds., Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, 44th ed., pp. 468–470. New York: Lange Medical/McGraw-Hill.

• Gallagher ML (2008). The nutrients and their metabolism. In LK Mahan, S Escott-Stump, eds., Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy, 12th ed., pp. 92–94. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

• Heimburger DC, et al. (2006). Clinical manifestations of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities: A resume. In ME Shils et al., eds., Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th ed., pp. 595–611. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

• Hillman RS, et al. (2005). Macrocytic anemias. In Hematology in Clinical Practice, 4th ed., pp. 95–109. New York: McGraw-Hill.

• Oh RD, Brown DL (2003). Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. American Family Physician, 67(5): 979–986.

• Tisman G (2005). Pernicious anemia and other megaloblastic anemias. In RE Rakel, ET Bope, eds., Conn's Current Therapy 2005, pp. 443–448. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.

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Author:	Caroline Rea, RN, BS, MS	Last Updated: December 19, 2008
Medical Review:	Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine Brian Leber, MDCM, FRCPC - Hematology
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