Chickenpox (Varicella)
Medications
Most people can get the chickenpox shot (vaccine) to prevent chickenpox. The shot doesn't fully protect you right away. But you'll become immune to the virus with a little time. If you get the shot within 3 days after you were exposed to the virus, you may prevent or at least get a milder case of chickenpox.
Most people don’t get chickenpox more than once. But it’s possible to have a mild case, such as a few spots and a slight fever, if you're exposed to the virus again.
Antiviral medicines also may be an option after you start to develop symptoms of chickenpox. These medicines do not prevent or cure chickenpox, but they can help shorten its course and make it milder.
Immunoglobulins can be given to help protect you from getting chickenpox after you have been exposed to it. However, these medicines can give only short-term protection (up to 3 months).
After you have developed symptoms of chickenpox, you can use oral over-the-counter medicines to help relieve discomfort. Check with your child's doctor before giving medicine to your child.
Medication Choices
Vaccination to prevent chickenpox
To prevent chickenpox, most people can get the varicella-zoster vaccine (Varivax)
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- Two doses of Varivax are routinely given at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years of age. Adolescents and adults who are not already immune can get two doses at least 4 weeks apart.
- Children age 12 and younger can substitute the MMRV (ProQuad) shot instead of getting separate shots for chickenpox, measles, mumps, and rubella.3
Talk to your child's doctor about whether your child should get Varivax or the combination shot.
If you are exposed to chickenpox and you get the vaccine within 72 hours (3 days), you may not get sick or your illness may be mild. If you can't get the shot within 3 days, getting it up to 120 hours (5 days) after exposure may still help.2 Some people can't get the chickenpox vaccine, including women who are pregnant and people who have ever had a serious allergic reaction to gelatin or the drug neomycin.
Medications to help decrease the severity of chickenpox
- Antiviral medicines, such as Zovirax, Foscavir, Famvir, Valtrex, and Denavir. Antiviral medicine is usually used to treat adults and people with impaired immune systems; healthy children usually don't need antiviral medicine when they have chickenpox. It is not known whether antiviral medicines reduce a person's chances of developing complications of chickenpox.
- Immunoglobulins (IG). This treatment is given through a vein, usually at the hospital. Immunoglobulins help the body's immune system recognize and destroy harmful bacteria and viruses in the body, such as the varicella virus. IG can be given to pregnant women or people with certain immune system deficiencies to prevent infections. Immunoglobulin is usually taken from the blood of people recovering from an illness. For example, the IG given to help prevent chickenpox infection is called VariZIG (or VZIG). It is taken from the blood of people who are recovering from chickenpox. If you get VariZIG or IG within 96 hours (4 days) of being exposed to an infected person, it can help make your illness milder or may prevent you from getting ill. If you notice signs of chickenpox infection in the 3 to 4 weeks after you've been exposed, call your doctor. The protection provided by an immunoglobulin injection lasts about 3 months. Immunoglobulin for chickenpox must be given before a rash appears.
Medications to relieve pain and discomfort from chickenpox
- Acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) or ibuprofen (such as Advil) to control pain and fever. If you are not sure about the amount of medicine to give your child, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. People over age 20 also can take aspirin to reduce fever. Do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 20 because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.
- Oral antihistamines to relieve itching, such as Benadryl or Vistaril. Talk to your doctor before using any antihistamine lotions or creams on yourself or your child. And check with your child's doctor before giving antihistamine pills to your child.
What To Think About
Vaccinations to prevent chickenpox help you or your child avoid an illness that causes discomfort, missed work or school, and possibly complications.
In rare cases, you or your child will develop a mild rash after having the chickenpox vaccine. If this occurs, it is best to stay away from other people who have not had chickenpox or the vaccine. When the rash is gone and all blisters have dried and crusted over, you are no longer potentially contagious.
When you use medications to treat symptoms of chickenpox, follow instructions carefully. It is especially important to use care when giving prescription and nonprescription medicines to newborns and small children. If you need to, you can use soothing, non-antihistamine lotions (such as calamine or Aveeno), but talk to your doctor before using any other skin products for itching.
Your health professional may prescribe antibiotics to you or your child if you develop a skin infection from chickenpox blisters.
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| Author: | Debby Golonka, MPH | Last Updated: May 21, 2008 |
| Medical Review: | Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics Thomas Emmett Francoeur, MDCM, CSPQ, FRCPC - Pediatrics | |
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