Lycopene

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Lycopene, found primarily in tomatoes, is a member of the carotenoid family-which includes beta-carotene and similar compounds found naturally in food-and has potent antioxidant capabilities.

Where is it found?

Tomatoes and tomato-containing foods are high in lycopene. In the Harvard study, the only tomato-based food that did not correlate with protection was tomato juice. In an unblinded, controlled trial, lycopene supplementation, but not tomato juice, effectively increased the body's lycopene stores.¹ These studies suggest that the lycopene present in tomato juice is poorly absorbed. However, other research indicates that significant amounts of lycopene from tomato juice can, in fact, be absorbed.² Other foods that contain lycopene include watermelon, pink grapefruit, and guava.

Health Concerns

Lycopene has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):

Rating	Health Concerns
	Asthma, exercise-induced Preeclampsia Prostate cancer Sunburn
	Atherosclerosis (prevention only) Cancer risk reduction Immune function Macular degeneration
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. An herb is primarily supported by traditional use, or the herb or supplement has little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.

Deficiency Symptoms

Who is likely to be deficient?

This is unknown, but people who do not eat diets high in tomatoes or tomato products are likely to consume less than optimal amounts.

Dosage

How much is usually taken?

The ideal intake of lycopene is currently unknown; however, the men in the Harvard study with the greatest protection against cancer consumed at least 6.5 mg per day.

Side Effects

Are there any side effects or interactions?

No adverse effects have been reported with the use of lycopene.

At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with lycopene.

References

1. Paetau I, Rao D, Wiley ER, et al. Carotenoids in human buccal mucosa cells after 4 wk of supplementation with tomato juice or lycopene supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:490-4.
2. Paetau I, Khachik F, Brown ED, et al. Chronic ingestion of lycopene-rich tomato juice or lycopene supplements significantly increases plasma concentrations of lycopene and related tomato carotenoids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1187-95.

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Last Review: 09-01-2007

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The information presented in Healthnotes is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires December 2008.

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