Piroxicam

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Also indexed as:

Feldene

Piroxicam is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is in a class of medications known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Herbs

Summary of Interactions for Piroxicam

Depletion or interference	None known
Adverse interaction	Lithium* Potassium*
Side effect reduction/prevention	None known
Supportive interaction	None known
Reduced drug absorption/bioavailability	None known
Other (see text)	Folic acid* Willow*

An asterisk (*) next to an item in the summary indicates that the interaction is supported only by weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence.

Interactions with Supplements

Potassium

An 85-year-old man developed higher than normal blood levels of potassium following several months of treatment with piroxicam.¹ Until more is known, people taking piroxicam for long periods should have their blood checked regularly for high potassium levels and may need to avoid high potassium intake with the guidance of a health practitioner.

Folic acid

Piroxicam may prevent inflammation by blocking the activity of enzymes that depend on folic acid.² However, other studies show that people taking NSAIDs such as aspirin have lower than normal levels of folic acid in their red blood cells.³ Further research is needed to determine whether supplemental folic acid prevents a deficiency of the vitamin or indirectly reduces the beneficial effects of piroxicam.

Lithium

Lithium is a mineral that is present in some supplements and is also used in large amounts to treat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder (manic depression). Blood levels of lithium may increase in people taking NSAIDs and lithium supplements together (compared with lithium alone),⁴ possibly resulting in unwanted side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination. More research is needed to determine whether piroxicam specifically increases lithium blood levels. Until more is known, people should avoid lithium supplementation except when it is prescribed by a doctor.

Interactions with Herbs

Willow(Salix alba)

Willow bark contains salicin, which is related to aspirin. Both salicin and aspirin produce anti-inflammatory effects after they have been converted to salicylic acid in the body. Taking aspirin significantly lowers blood levels of piroxicam and increases the potential for adverse side effects.⁵ Though no studies have investigated interactions between willow bark and piroxicam, people taking the drug should avoid the herb until more information is available.

Other Interactions

Food

Taking piroxicam with a meal may delay the speed, but not the overall amount, of drug absorption.⁶ Therefore, it may be taken with food if stomach upset occurs when taking the drug on an empty stomach.

References

1. Miller KP, Lazar EJ, Fotino S. Severe hyperkalemia during piroxicam therapy. Arch Int Med 1984;144:2414-5.
2. Baggott JE, Morgan SL, Ha T, et al. Inhibition of folate-dependent enzymes by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem J 1992;282:197-202.
3. Alter HJ, Zvaifler NJ, Rath CE. Interrelationship of rheumatoid arthritis, folic acid, and aspirin. Blood 1971;38:405-16.
4. Sifton DW, ed. Physicians Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 2000, 2342-4.
5. Sifton DW, ed. Physicians Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 2000, 2342-4.
6. Sifton DW, ed. Physicians Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 2000, 2342-4.

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Last Review: 01-21-2009

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The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires February 2010.

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