Krill Oil

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Krill is a shrimp-like crustacean that grows abundantly in the ocean.¹ Krill from colder ocean regions is high in EPA and DHA, the same omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. Krill oil also contains phospholipids and antioxidants such as the carotenoid astaxanthin.^{2, 3} Animal research has found that a diet high in krill oil can significantly increase antioxidant activity and decrease potentially damaging free radicals in the liver.⁴

Where is it found?

Krill is not edible seafood; therefore, only dietary supplements are sources for krill oil.

Health Concerns

Krill oil has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):

Rating	Health Concerns
	Dysmenorrhea High cholesterol High triglycerides Osteoarthritis Premenstrual syndrome
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. An herb is primarily supported by traditional use, or the herb or supplement has little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.

Deficiency Symptoms

Who is likely to be deficient?

There is no human requirement for krill oil. However, some researchers and doctors believe that most people who eat a typical western diet are likely to be consuming less-than-optimal amounts of EPA and DHA, which are supplied by krill oil.

Dosage

How much is usually taken?

To improve blood lipid levels, 1 to 3 grams per day has been used. To help PMS and menstrual pain symptoms, 2 grams per day has been used. To reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis, 300 mg per day has been used.

Side Effects

Are there any side effects or interactions?

Since krill oil is obtained from species related to shrimp, people with shrimp allergies might also react to krill oil. Also, some potential hazards of high omega-3 fatty acid intakes for some people that have been suggested relative to fish oil might also apply to krill oil. No side effects from taking krill oil supplements have been reported, but human trials have not closely monitored people taking krill oil for adverse effects.

At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with Krill Oil.

References

1. Tou JC, Jaczynski J, Chen YC. Krill for human consumption: nutritional value and potential health benefits. Nutr Rev 2007;65:63-77 [review].
2. Bottino NR. Lipid composition of two species of Antarctic krill: Euphausia superba and E. crystallorophias. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1975;50:479-84.
3. Tou JC, Jaczynski J, Chen YC. Krill for human consumption: nutritional value and potential health benefits. Nutr Rev 2007;65:63-77 [review].
4. Venkatraman JT, Chandrasekar B, Kim JD, Fernandes G. Effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on the activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in autoimmune-prone NZBxNZW F1 mice. Lipids 1994;29:561-68.

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Last Review: 01-21-2009

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The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires February 2010.

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